On the Surface Pro, try checking in Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Windows Firewall\Allowed apps, and make sure "Remote Desktop Connection" is allowed to pass through.
Make sure Remote Desktop Connection is enabled also.
Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\System\Remote Settings.
See if any other security software is blocking you.
How to perform a clean boot in Windows
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/929135/en-au
How to perform a clean boot to troubleshoot a problem in Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows 8