__declspec
Microsoft Specific
The extended attribute syntax for specifying storage-class information uses the __declspec keyword, which specifies that an instance of a given type is to be stored with a Microsoft-specific storage-class attribute listed below. Examples of other storage-class modifiers include the static and extern keywords. However, these keywords are part of the ANSI specification of the C and C++ languages, and as such aren't covered by extended attribute syntax. The extended attribute syntax simplifies and standardizes Microsoft-specific extensions to the C and C++ languages.
Grammar
decl-specifier:
__declspec ( extended-decl-modifier-seq )
extended-decl-modifier-seq:
extended-decl-modifieropt
extended-decl-modifier extended-decl-modifier-seq
extended-decl-modifier:
align( number )
allocate(" segname ")
allocator
appdomain
code_seg(" segname ")
deprecated
dllimport
dllexport
empty_bases
hybrid_patchable
jitintrinsic
naked
noalias
noinline
noreturn
nothrow
novtable
no_sanitize_address
process
property( { get=get-func-name | ,put=put-func-name } )
restrict
safebuffers
selectany
spectre(nomitigation)
thread
uuid(" ComObjectGUID ")
White space separates the declaration modifier sequence. Examples appear in later sections.
Extended attribute grammar supports these Microsoft-specific storage-class attributes: align, allocate, allocator, appdomain, code_seg, deprecated, dllexport, dllimport, empty_bases, jitintrinsic, naked, noalias, noinline, noreturn, nothrow, novtable, no_sanitize_address,process, restrict, safebuffers, selectany, spectre, and thread. It also supports these COM-object attributes: property and uuid.
The code_seg, dllexport, dllimport, empty_bases, naked, noalias, nothrow, no_sanitize_address, property, restrict, selectany, thread, and uuid storage-class attributes are properties only of the declaration of the object or function to which they're applied. The thread attribute affects data and objects only. The naked and spectre attributes affect functions only. The dllimport and dllexport attributes affect functions, data, and objects. The property, selectany, and uuid attributes affect COM objects.
For compatibility with previous versions, _declspec is a synonym for __declspec unless compiler option /Za (Disable language extensions) is specified.
The __declspec keywords should be placed at the beginning of a simple declaration. The compiler ignores, without warning, any __declspec keywords placed after * or & and in front of the variable identifier in a declaration.
A __declspec attribute specified in the beginning of a user-defined type declaration applies to the variable of that type. For example:
__declspec(dllimport) class X {} varX;
In this case, the attribute applies to varX. A __declspec attribute placed after the class or struct keyword applies to the user-defined type. For example:
class __declspec(dllimport) X {};
In this case, the attribute applies to X.
The general guideline for using the __declspec attribute for simple declarations is as follows:
decl-specifier-seq init-declarator-list ;
The decl-specifier-seq should contain, among other things, a base type (for example, int, float, a typedef, or a class name), a storage class (for example, static, extern), or the __declspec extension. The init-declarator-list should contain, among other things, the pointer part of declarations. For example:
__declspec(selectany) int * pi1 = 0; //Recommended, selectany & int both part of decl-specifier
int __declspec(selectany) * pi2 = 0; //OK, selectany & int both part of decl-specifier
int * __declspec(selectany) pi3 = 0; //ERROR, selectany is not part of a declarator
The following code declares an integer thread local variable and initializes it with a value:
// Example of the __declspec keyword
__declspec( thread ) int tls_i = 1;
END Microsoft Specific